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Technically, Beta-1, 3D Glucan is a polybranched, polyglucose complex fiber-like particle that when converted, yields a biologically active beta glucan molecule that specifically binds to this CR3 (or sometimes called Mac1 or sometimes called CD11/C18).
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If it is there and the information/research sounds good, you most probably have a good product. If somebody is showing information having a yeast glucan and you see the reference for mushroom glucan from Japan, what does it mean? He just took something from the Internet and put it on the web page. Do the homework, be careful and you will end up with the good stuff.
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We begin with freshly infused organic oatmilk, a moisturizing powerhouse that has been well known for centuries as a traditional skin remedy. What our grandparents didn't know was that Beta-glucans were part of why it works so well. Beta-glucans are special sugars from oats and mushrooms capable of penetrating deeply through multiple layers of skin which means hydration in places other ingredients may not reach. Add to these nifty qualities the fact that they can improve the appearance of redness and inflammation and the humble oat starts to seem far more exciting.
Mushrooms are another key Beta-glucan source and we've included a hefty helping of beautiful Reishi and Maitake mushrooms to complement the oats. To all this we add organic St. John's Wort, Astragalus, Self Heal, and Passionflower to assist the pickiest skin.
LOWERS CHOLESTEROL: Cerabeta is a barley beta-glucan fiber, scientifically proven to lower cholesterol naturally. Cerabeta has a smooth, delicate and neutral flavour which makes it easy to incorporate into your favourite beverages and foods.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION PROCESS: Cerabeta is obtained with an all-natural patented clean process that involves zero water waste. This innovative process optimizes the nutritional properties of the beta-glucan fiber for your body without harming the environment.
Beta glucans may boost the immune system through several mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies show that beta glucans protect against infection by activating immune cells. It also boosts immune cell activity, including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. Macrophages scavenge pathogens and eliminate damaged and diseased cells. Monocytes are integral for proper immune function. They influence the adaptive immune system, and they are essential to form macrophages. Monocytes also participate in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stages of the immune response. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection. They constantly seek, isolate, and destroy bacterial infections and pathogens. Beta glucans also help reduce inflammation markers, including inflammatory cytokines that can damage or destroy cells.
Beta glucans may promote heart health by stabilizing blood sugar and cholesterol levels. As a soluble fiber, beta glucans slow food digestion and how rapidly the bloodstream absorbs sugar. According to several human trials, beta glucans helped reduce blood sugar levels while fasting and contributed to better long-term blood sugar management in individuals that have difficulty processing glucose. Additional studies show that beta glucans help to lower blood sugar after eating carbohydrates.
Fiber also reduces how much cholesterol the digestive tract can absorb and improves total and LDL cholesterol levels. One study noted that participants taking beta glucans for eight weeks saw an almost 9% decrease in their total cholesterol and a 15% reduction in their LDL cholesterol. Beta glucans also act as an antioxidant. It exerts protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage heart health.
Short-chain fatty acids resulting from the anaerobic bacterial fermentation of soluble dietary fibers such as β-glucan in the colon [138] offer another explanatory mechanism for the protective effects of soluble fibers on glucose and insulin homeostasis. The short-chain fatty acids propionic and butyric acid increased muscle expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ [113]. The activation of PPARγ also increased GLUT-4 content in adipocytes [139]. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats consuming psyllium supplementation, at 5% in a high caloric diet, witnessed improved muscle insulin sensitivity via short-chain fatty acid-induced increased membrane GLUT-4 expression in comparison to cellulose supplementation [113].
The effect of β-glucan on lipid parameters has been intensively investigated; however, differing results have been found. These inconsistencies in findings may be explained by several factors including the sources, dose and molecular size of β-glucans, dietary composition, food preparation, food state (solid versus liquid), subject's baseline cholesterol concentrations, and study design [144] as well as the cultivar of barley and oat being used and their growing conditions [145, 146]. Although varied effects of barley and oat-derived β-glucans have been reported on lipid homeostasis, they were not established as significant differences since β-glucan content of these two cereals is almost comparable [147, 148]. In the following sections, the impacts of barley and oat β-glucans on lipid parameters will be separately discussed.
The hypocholesterolemic properties of β-glucans are explained by various mechanisms some of which are shared with other soluble dietary fibers. Altering bile acid excretion and the composition of bile acid pool is one of the mechanisms. Dietary fibers are associated with increased bile acid excretion and increased activity of cholesterol 7α-hydrolase, a major enzyme leading to cholesterol elimination in the body [175]. Beta glucans can decrease the reabsorption of bile acids and increase their transport towards the large intestine [176], promoting their increased microbial conversion to metabolites and their higher excretion, subsequently inducing increased hepatic synthesis of bile acids from circulating cholesterol [177]. This mechanism is strongly related to β-glucan-induced increased viscosity in the small intestine [128, 178, 179] and consequently slowed gastric emptying, digestion, and absorption [179]. In addition, some soluble fibers decrease the absorption of dietary cholesterol by altering the composition of the bile acid pool. In fact, oat bran increased the portion of total bile acid pool that was deoxycholic acid [180], a microbial byproduct of bile acid which decreases the absorption of exogenous cholesterol in humans [181].
Few mechanisms, most not clearly elucidated, have been suggested in order to explain the hypotriglyceridemic properties of soluble fibers, including β-glucan. Two mechanisms include a possible delay in the absorption of triglycerides in the small intestine [188], as well as a reduced rate of glucose absorption [189]. Glucose-induced hypertriglyceridemia, via the process of de novo lipogenesis, is well established in the literature [190]. Furthermore, direct inhibition of lipogenesis by soluble fibers is also suggested as an explanatory mechanism. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of oligofructose was reported to result from the inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis via the modulation of fatty acid synthase activity [191, 192]. In an in vitro study, β-glucan extracts from oat and barley flour inhibited the in vitro intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol and downregulated various genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid transport in rats [147].
Since almost all studies did not account for these factors and were run under different experimental conditions (different β-glucan dose, various molecular weights and food sources of the fiber, different dosing protocols, and diverse types of subjects), ranking the satiating power of β-glucan is still not possible at this stage. Moreover, another concern to be addressed in future studies is the type of control to use. No dietary fiber that may function as a control for satiety studies has been actually identified. In almost all studies, the control food was the same food with either a lower amount or a complete absence of β-glucans.
Accumulating evidence has attributed the satiating effects of fermentable carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids, their major fermentation products [255]. Short-chain fatty acids regulate appetite through several mechanisms. First, short-chain fatty acids have a role in slowing gastrointestinal motility, thus controlling digestion and nutrient absorption and eliciting an anorexigenic effect. The majority of the studies linking short-chain fatty acids to gastrointestinal motility stems from ruminant animal studies [256], where the production of short-chain fatty acids is greater than that in humans due to differences in gut physiology [257]. However, there are some studies on nonruminants showing that short-chain fatty acids may regulate the overall transit time of the digesta through the large intestine [258, 259]. Such responses were hypothesized to occur via three possible pathways: (1) short-chain fatty acid stimulation of the vagal nerves in the gut, (2) a direct effect of short-chain fatty acids on intestinal smooth muscle tone, and (3) as a consequence of the indirect changes in the secretion of peptide YY (PYY) and other regulatory peptides known to play a role in gastrointestinal motility [260]. In addition, short-chain fatty acids were suggested to regulate gastrointestinal motility by affecting the release of the gastrointestinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) via the activation of the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), the major receptor for short-chain fatty acids. 5-HT or serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, known to modulate mood, behavior, and appetite [261]. Though the central actions of 5-HT are the most documented, 95% of endogenous 5-HT is found peripherally in the gastrointestinal tract [262]. The activation of various 5-HT receptor subtypes stimulates vagal nodose neurons and consequently prolongs colonic transit time [263, 264]. Short-chain fatty acids also regulate appetite by modulating the release of various appetite-related hormones throughout the gastrointestinal tract [265]. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the release of some of these gut hormones, including PYY, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin, will be discussed in the following sections, providing partial explanations for the reported impacts of soluble dietary fibers in general, and of β-glucan specifically, on satiety hormones and consequently on appetite and food intake. 041b061a72